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101.
GIS在林业专题制图中的应用 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
论述了运用于理信息系统软件完成应用遥感技术进行思茅地区样地清查及进行“二项调查”的制衅工作,重点阐明了整个制作过程、成果分析、该注意的几点事项。成果得到相关部门的认可,该方法可应用于林业专题图的制作。 相似文献
102.
103.
104.
The dynamic mating systems of conifers 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
J. B. Mitton 《New Forests》1992,6(1-4):197-216
Conifer mating systems vary among species and within species; both ecological variables and genetic variation cause mating systems to be dynamic. Within species, estimates of rates of outcrossing vary among populations, among loci, and among individuals within stands. The level of outcrossing varies with stand density, age, and the abundance of local and foreign pollen. Variation in the mating success of both males and females violates the assumption that populations are randomly mating and at equilibrium, and justifies more quantitative analyses of mating systems. Allelic frequencies in the pollen pool and in the pool of receptive female surfaces may vary through a season and among seasons, producing positively assortative mating in time. Seed and seedling viability selects against homozygotes for lethal alleles and favors heterozygous genotypes, biasing estimates of outcrossing. Particularly fruitful topics of research include the genetic consequences of polyembryony, differential male and female mating success, and associations between specific genotypes and floral phenology. 相似文献
105.
106.
Climatic variation in the natural distribution of Acacia mearnsii in Australia was analysed. Data from sites where the species has been successfully grown in plantations and trials in Africa, Asia and South America were used to determine the species' climatic adaptability. Annual mean temperatures at these plantations and trial sites ranged from 13.9 to 23.9°C, whilst annual mean precipitation ranged from 693 to 2263 mm. The coldest month minimum temperature at these sites was –0.6°C. This information, along with other details of climatic requirements presented in the paper, will assist in selecting sites for future trials at new locations. 相似文献
107.
This paper summarizes several studies on N recycling in a tropical silvopastoral system for assessing the ability of the system
to increase soil fertility and insure sustainability. We analyzed the N2 fixation pattern of the woody legume component (Gliricidia sepium), estimated the recycling rate of the fixed N in the soil, and measured N outputs in tree pruning and cut grass (Dichanthium aristatum). With this information, we estimated the N balance of the silvopastoral system at the plot scale. The studies were conducted
in an 11-year-old silvopastoral plot established by planting G. sepium cuttings at 0.3 m × 2 m spacing in natural grassland. The plot was managed as a cut-and-carry system where all the tree pruning
residues (every 2-4 months) and cut grass (every 40-50 days) were removed and animals were excluded. No N fertilizer was applied.
Dinitrogen fixation, as estimated by the 15N natural abundance method, ranged from 60-90% of the total N in aboveground tree biomass depending on season. On average,
76% of the N exports from the plot in tree pruning (194 kg [N] ha–1 yr–1) originated from N2 fixation. Grass production averaged 13 Mg ha–1 yr–1 and N export in cut grass was 195 kg [N] ha–1 yr–1. The total N fixed by G. sepium, as estimated from the tree and grass N exports and the increase in soil N content, was about 555 kg [N] ha–1 yr–1. Carbon sequestration averaged 1.9 Mg [C] ha–1 yr–1 and soil organic N in the 0-0.2 m layer increased at a rate of 166 kg [N] ha–1 yr–1, corresponding to 30% of N2 fixation by the tree. Nitrogen released in nodule turnover (10 kg [N] ha–1 yr–1) and litter decomposition (40 kg [N] ha–1 yr–1) contributed slightly to this increase, and most of the recycled N came from the turnover or the activity of other below-ground
tree biomass than nodules.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
108.
中国主要人工林树种幼龄材与成熟材及人工林与天然林木材性质比较研究 总被引:19,自引:2,他引:19
本文对中国10种人工林和4种天然林的幼龄材与成熟材及4个树种的人工林木材与天然林木材的构造特征、化学性质、物理性质、力学性质的33项材性指标差异进行了比较研究。结果表明,在幼龄材与成熟材之间,在统计上表现出差异显著性的为幼龄材比成熟材生长轮宽,管胞列数多,管胞短,直径小,微纤丝角大,密度小,径向干缩小,差异干缩大,流体扩散性高,抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗压强度、径面顺纹抗剪强度、径面抗劈力和冲击韧性低等15项,即46%的测试项目差异显著;表明在木材加工和用作结构材时应将幼龄材和成熟材视作两个性质不同的总体来考虑,在培育结构材时应研究如何缩短幼年期或改善幼年期材性。在人工林与天然林木材之间,采取人工林幼龄材性质与天然林幼龄材性质相比,人工林成熟材性质与天然林成熟材性质相比,结果表明,多数性质在统计上差异不显著,只有人工林木材比天然林木材胞壁率小、顺纹抗压强度低、差异干缩大、流体扩散性高等4项,即只有12%的很少数测试项目差异显著;表明有可能通过人工培育的方法培育出与天然林木材性质相近的木材。 相似文献
109.
110.
花椒绵粉蚧寄生性天敌的调查研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1999—2001年在花椒绵粉蚧Phenacoccus azaleae Kuwana发生严重的山西省盂县对该虫的天敌昆虫进行了详细的调查研究,发现绵粉蚧长索跳小蜂Anagyrus shoenherri (Westwood)、蚜虫跳小蜂Syrphophagus aphidivorus(Mayr)、宽缘金小蜂Pachyneuton sp.、长盾拟金小蜂Eunotus sp.和荆腹拟金小蜂(Gastrancistrus sp.等5种寄生性小蜂类天敌昆虫,其中绵粉蚧长索跳小蜂是优势种,它1a发生2代,成虫出现于4月和6月,对蚧虫越冬期的若虫、春天出蛰的雌性若虫、雌成虫及卵均能寄生。在花椒纯林内对产卵期的蚧虫寄生率为8.7%,在花椒与农作物混种的林地,由于经常喷洒杀虫剂,寄生率只有0.56%。根据该小蜂在白蜡绵粉蚧上的高寄生率,提出从蚧虫多年发生区采集寄生蜂,释放到新发生区的建议。 相似文献